> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://cccs.viyi.cc/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://cccs.viyi.cc/2-cheng-xu-she-ji/2.1-bian-cheng-shi-hua-early-programming.md).

# 2.1 编程史话（Early Programming）

### 2.1.1 编程介质

在 [1.7.2 节](https://viyi.cc/docs/computer_organization_principles/1.7-cpu-%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8the-central-processing-unit/#172-cpu-%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86)中说明 CPU 工作原理时，我们假设程序已经在计算机内存中了，但实际上程序需要被加载（load into）进内存。

![编程介质](/files/6NgUyzTB1lTWtSQAHp5R)

### 2.1.2 冯诺依曼结构

「冯诺依曼结构」（Von Neumann Architecture）由数学家和物理学家约翰·冯·诺依曼（John Von Neumann）发明，其特点在于将程序和数据都存储在同一个地方。

冯诺依曼计算机的标志性组成：处理器（带有 ALU）、数据寄存器、指令寄存器、指令地址寄存器、内存（存储数据和指令），如 1.7.1 小节中搭建起来的那样。

第一台采用冯诺依曼结构的存储程序计算机（Von Neumann Architecture Stored-program）是由曼彻斯特大学于 1948 年建造的 Baby（绰号）——离散变量自动电子计算机（Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, EDVAC）。


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